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After consultation with the sahabah (companions), it was suggested by Salman al-Farsi that it would be better if the Muslims fought the non-Muslim Arabs within Medina by building a big ditch on the northern periphery of Medina to prevent the enemies from entering Medina. to fight the invading non-Muslim Arab armies outside of Medina or wait until they enter the city. He is the champion of the notion of al-Shura, and this was illustrated in one of the many historical events, such as in the Battle of Khandaq ( Battle of the Trench), where Muhammad was faced with two decisions, i.e. Muhammad himself respected the decision of the shura members. The voices of the majority are accepted, provided it does not violate the teachings of the Quran or Sunnah.The issue should be of maslahah ammah or public interest.All members are given fair opportunity to voice out their opinions.The discussion should be based on mushawarah and mudhakarah.There is a leader elected among them to head the meeting.Consultation following the guidelines of the Quran and the Sunnah.Meeting or consultation that follows the teachings of Islam.However, most Muslim scholars are of the opinion that Islamic al-Shura should consist of the following: Several scholars have different understandings or thoughts, with regard to the concept al-Shura. The essence or guiding principles of an Islamic government or Islamic state, is the concept of al- Shura. The Islamic State significantly expanded under the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) and consequently the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258). It was subsequently transformed into the caliphate by Muhammad's disciples, who were known as the Rightly Guided ( Rashidun) Caliphs (632–661 CE). It represented the political unity of the Muslim Ummah (nation). The first Islamic State was the political entity established by Muhammad in Medina in 622 CE under the Constitution of Medina. Main articles: Caliphate and Muhammad in Medina Islamic states that are not Islamic monarchies are mostly Islamic republics. Certain Muslim states have declared Islam to be their state religion in their constitutions, but do not apply Islamic law in their courts.
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Today, many Muslim countries have incorporated Islamic law, wholly or in part, into their legal systems. However, the modern theories also make use of notions that did not exist before the modern era. Implementation of Islamic law plays an important role in modern theories of the Islamic state, as it did in classical Islamic political theories. The concept of the modern Islamic state has been articulated and promoted by ideologues such as Sayyid Rashid Rida, Mohammed Omar, Abul A'la Maududi, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Israr Ahmed, Sayyid Qutb and Hassan al-Banna. As a translation of the Arabic term dawlah islāmiyyah ( Arabic: دولة إسلامية) it refers to a modern notion associated with political Islam ( Islamism).
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As a term, it has been used to describe various historical polities and theories of governance in the Islamic world. An Islamic state is a state that has a form of government based on Islamic law.